Boot-strapped

Sandbagging is a term used to describe when a company deliberately seeks to lower the expectations of its stakeholders to achieve greater-than-expected results.

A secondary offering takes place in the secondary market in the years following an IPO. It may either involve the sale of existing shares or the issue of fresh shares, depending on the parties involved in the transaction.

A secondary sale refers to the sale of existing securities or assets, such as shares of stock, from one investor to another within the secondary market. Unlike primary sales, where funds raised from issuing new securities go directly to the issuing company (such as in an IPO or initial public offering), in a secondary sale, the funds go to the selling shareholder, not to the company whose shares are being traded.